In this article we will cover the following:
- What is a papilloma; What is the cause of
- occurrences?
- where they are more common in males and females;
- typical papillomas.
Papillomas are benign neoplasms localized in the skin and mucous membranes. The reason for their formation is human papillomavirus (HPV), which is transmitted in various ways. The appearance of the formations depends on the type of virus that caused them.
Transmission paths
Human papilloma virus is transmitted via:
- During sexual intercourse including anal, oral-genital.
- House. The microorganism can be found on personal items, personal hygiene items, infected towels. Easily penetrates through skin scratches, abrasions.
- During birth from mother to child.
If the virus is transferred from one part of the body to another, possible automatic infection usually occurs during shaving or hair removal.
The incubation period (the time from the introduction of HPV into the body to the appearance of signs of pathology) varies from a few weeks to several years.
Papillomas in the body often occur in situations accompanied by illness, pregnancy, alcohol abuse, psycho-emotional stress, hypothermia, and a decrease in immune defense. The frequency of these formations in men and women is the same.
Human papilloma virus: types
Depending on the risk of oncological pathology in the skin, mucus papillomaviruses belong to the following groups:
- Low oncogenic risk (HPV types 3, 6, 11, 13, 32, 34, 72, 73, 40-44, 51, 61).
- Moderate oncogenic risk (HPV types 52, 56, 58, 30, 35, 45).
- High risk of developing malignant processes (HPV types 50, 59, 16, 18, 64, 68, 70, 31, 33, 39).
Microorganisms with low cancer risk cause benign growths on the skin and mucous membranes.
Papilloma types
Simple
These are also called ordinary, coarse. HPV types 26-29, 77, 63, 41 mostly cause such growths.
Tingling, burning sensation in any part of the body. Subsequently, the growth of a spherical formation was noted, whose surface gradually became rough. First, the tumor becomes darker in skin color. The size of the papilloma in the body is from 1 mm to cm
These neoplasms are single and multiple. In the second case, daughter small papillomas are usually located around the mother that first formed, being the largest.
Its localization is the back of the hands, fingers, the spaces between them, the chin area, the edges of the lips. There are such papillomas on the neck. The child's knees are affected because children often crawl and become infected through small lesions on the skin.
Plantar
People with these formations are infected with HPV types 1, 2, 4. The growth is similar to dry calluses, but with some characteristic differences.
Skin pattern is preserved in calluses, absent on the surface of papillomas, the latter smooth. The formation caused by the papilloma virus is painful, unpleasant sensations intensify when tightening shoes are worn. Black spots that are not found in calluses are prominent in papilloma.
Neoplasms are sometimes self-destructive, which is more common in children. Sometimes small blisters can be seen around the neoplasm. The second one turns into new papillomas over time.
Flat papillomas
Growths of a rounded, elongated, oval shape rise 1–2 millimeters above skin level. Flat papillomas are localized around the mouth, face and upper half of the body. Sometimes papillomas occur in the neck.
There are papilloma data on the labia, cervix in girls, penis, rectum, near anus in boys. These formations exist in groups, merge with each other. Flat skin-colored papillomas, sometimes slightly darker than the rest of the skin, are formed under the influence of 10, 49, 28 types of papilloma virus.
Gear
If people notice small papillomas appearing in the neck, most of the time the growth looks like a thread. The second name of the occurrences isacrochordus. The second is caused by 2. 7 types of HPV.
In the first stage, papillomas on the neck look like small yellowish seals, then the growth is stretched, hardened, taking a long, round, thread-like shape. The distinguishing feature of a similar papilloma on the neck is the thin leg.
Most of the time the acrocordus occurs in men, women over the age of 40. In the near region, growth occurs in the skin of the upper eyelids, armpits, and mammary glands.
Pointed
Occurrence dataare called warts,is caused by human papilloma viruses of types 6, 11, 44, 42, 54, 51, 55, 89 in women and men.
Condylomas are small, single, multiple flesh-colored growths localized around the anus in the female, male reproductive organs. There are papillomas in the vagina, labia minora, cervix. In men, condylomas are found on the foreskin, head of the penis, inside the urethra.
Separate elements sometimes merge with each other, resulting in a tumor-like formation externally resembling a rooster's comb, cauliflower. Neoplasms are characterized by very rapid growth, a large lesion may form within a few hours.
Pathology has a recurring course. It is more severe in simultaneous sexually transmitted infections (eg chlamydia, gonorrhea, mycoplasmosis) of the urogenital system.
Condylomas that form in the cervix, especially inside the cervical canal, are the most dangerous during pregnancy. Hormonal changes stimulate rapid growth followed by tissue breakdown and secondary infections.
Papillomas in the mouth, larynx
Their appearance is related to the activity of types 6, 7, 11, 72, 73, 57, 32 papilloma viruses. Formations are round formations with a thin or broad base. The mucous membrane around them is pale pink without any visible pathological changes. The surface of the growths is pale pink, whitish.
Neoplasms are single, multiple, painless when pressed. They are located at the bottom of the oral cavity, behind the tongue, on the hard, soft palate, laryngeal mucosa, their size varies from 2 mm to 2 cm.
Excessive growth of the mucous membrane of the mouth, bleeding when bitten, darkening as a result of blood spilled into it. In the presence of such a disease, the health status does not deteriorate, the oral cavity opens freely.
In an adult, when there is single growth in the soft palate, tonsils, glottis, the foreign body, cough, voice becomes hoarse. These symptoms become severe if the lesions become multiple.
In children, pathological growths are usually bilateral, their formation is accompanied by the following symptoms:
- Difficulty in breathing, breathing that occurs after physical exertion, followed by complete rest.
- Coughs after running, plays too much.
- stenosis of the larynxand suffocating attacks (pathological narrowing that prevents air from entering the lower respiratory tract).
Externally, the appearance of different papillomas is associated with infection with various HPV types. To remove neoplasms, you must consult a doctor. If the papillomas are multiple, increase in size rapidly, cause discomfort and are constantly injured, this should be done as soon as possible.